The American Revolution

Charles Louis de Secondat was born in Bordeaux, France beign from a wealthy family.He went to college and studied science and history, eventually becoming a lawyer in the local government.The Baron died and left de Secondat his fortune, his office as president of the Bordeaux Parliament, and his title of Baron de Montesquieu.
He gained fame with his Persian Letters, which criticized the lifestyle and liberties of the wealthy French as well as the church. But his most famous work was the book On the Spirit of Laws.
Montesquieu believed that all things were made up of rules or laws that never changed.
He argued that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials. He thought England - which divided power between the king,Parliament, and the judges of the English courts. Caelled the idea of dividing government power into three branches the "separation of powers." He thought it most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. That way, the government would avoid placing too much power with one individual or group of individuals. He wrote, "When the [law making] and [law enforcement] powers are united in the same person... there can be no liberty." According to Montesquieu, each branch of government could limit the power of the other two branches. Therefore, no branch of the government could threaten the freedom of the people.
He also felt that women did have the ability to govern. "It is against reason and against nature for women to be mistresses in the house... but not for them to govern an empire. In the first case, their weak state does not permit them to be preeminent; in the second, their very weakness gives them more gentleness and moderation, which, rather than the harsh and ferocious virtues, can make for a good environment." In this way, Montesquieu argued that women were too weak to be in control at home, but that there calmness and gentleness would be helpful qualities in making decisions in government.

The colonists were protected by the British and didn´t pay that much and profit tradding. The colonists enjoyed the political benefits-rights.The Parliament began to raise taxes to the colonists,so they protested and eventually it became a war and it´s called the Amrican Revolution.

The colonists political heritage
The colonists believed that Britain had the best government on Earth.The British Liberty included the due process of common law taht is the law administration of justice according to the established rules and principles. Including a trial by jury were they decided if you were culpable or innocent, and freedom of press from the prior censorship.
The American colonists also developed political practices and social beliefs that have had the major influence on the history of the United States.They made strides toward democratic government,and they placed a high value on indiviual freedom and on hard work.


New Taxes Upset Colonists
The King and Parliament decided the colonies should pay for part of the French and Indian War and the costs for keeping British soldiers in North America. In 1764, Parliament passed a law that came to be known as the Sugar Act. This law said the colonists must pay a tax or tariff on many goods coming to the colonies from other places. When a colonist bought a pound of sugar, he had to pay an additional amount or tax money. The tax or tariff money went to the British government to pay for the British soldiers.
The Sugar Act of 1764 was a tax on all imported products. The colonists imported many products they could not make or grow themselves. They imported sugar, molasses, paper, glass, lead, paint and tea. All of these imported products had a new tax.Also in almost everything that was printed named the Stamp Act.
Colonists were upset about the new taxes they had to pay. But they were more upset that the King and Parliament had taxed the colonies without their consent. Remember, the colonies were not allowed to send representatives to Parliament to speak for them.

Lord North was born in April 13, 1732 and died in August 5,1792.
He studied in Eton and Trinity College.He was part of the Parliament, 1756; Served on the Treasury Board, 1759; as Joint Paymaster-General, 1765; as a member of the Privy Council, 1766; as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1767; as Prime Minister, 1770.
He was admired for his deep loud voice, his oratory skills, and his quick wit in negotiation and debate. North's strong suit was in financial and economic matters. He nearly recovered Britain from a crushing national debt following the Seven Years' War. However, the War of Independence overtook him. He resigned in March of 1782. He died on 5 August, 1792; forever remembered as the minister who lost America.

The final Colonial War (1689-1763) was the French and Indian War, which is the name given to the American theater of a massive conflict involving Austria, England, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Sweden called the Seven Years War. The conflict was played out in Europe, India, and North America. In Europe, Sweden , Austria, and France were allied to crush the rising power of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia. The English and the French battled for colonial domination in North America, the Caribbean, and in India. The English did ultimately come to dominate the colonial outposts, but at a cost so staggering that the resulting debt nearly destroyed the English government. It was that debt that caused the escalation of tensions leading to the Revolutionary War. Parliament was desperate to obtain two objectives; first, to tax the colonies to recover monies expended on the battle over North America, and second to restore the profitability of the East India Company in an effort to recover monies spent on the battle over India.

Facts
French and English over the Ohio River Valley fighting to control that area. Jorge Watshington comanded the trups for the Biritish against the French. This war was named the French and Indian war because they were against the British for 7 years. First the British suffured losses.
- 1756-1757 France destroyed the British forts around Lake Antartic and Lake George.Indians raited settlements on the Frontier.
-1758-1759 The British manage to cut off the shipping to the Americas.A a result the Indians desert the French allowing the British to gain force.
- 1760 The British capture Montereal and forced the goverenor general surrend. So the British have succeded.
- 1763 they signed the treaty of Paris; it said that British will keep Canada,The Great Lakes,County the Chaio River Valley,and Florida,The mississsippi river becomes a baundery between the territories.